## 17 HMR vs. 5.7×28: The Ultimate Ballistic Showdown
Choosing the right ammunition is crucial for any shooter, whether you’re a seasoned marksman, a hunter, or just enjoy recreational target practice. The .17 HMR (Hornady Magnum Rimfire) and the 5.7x28mm are two popular cartridges often considered for small game hunting, varmint control, and plinking, but they operate on vastly different principles and offer distinct performance characteristics. This comprehensive guide will delve into a detailed comparison of the .17 HMR and 5.7×28, exploring their ballistics, accuracy, effective range, cost, and suitability for various applications. We aim to provide you with the expert knowledge needed to make an informed decision based on your specific needs and shooting style. Recent discussions highlight the increasing interest in both cartridges, underscoring the importance of understanding their differences. This article will provide you with that understanding.
### Understanding the Cartridges: A Foundation
Before diving into the comparison, let’s establish a foundational understanding of each cartridge.
#### The .17 HMR: Rimfire Precision
The .17 HMR is a rimfire cartridge known for its flat trajectory, high velocity, and accuracy at moderate ranges. Introduced in 2002, it quickly gained popularity among varmint hunters and target shooters. Its small-caliber bullet, typically weighing around 17 grains, is fired at high velocities, resulting in a flatter trajectory compared to other rimfire rounds like the .22 LR. This translates to easier aiming and more consistent hits, especially at longer distances. The .17 HMR is generally considered a rimfire round, meaning that the priming compound is located in the rim of the cartridge. When the firing pin strikes the rim, it crushes the priming compound, igniting the powder and firing the bullet.
* **Key Features of .17 HMR:**
* Rimfire ignition
* High velocity (typically 2,300-2,600 fps)
* Flat trajectory
* Excellent accuracy at moderate ranges (up to 150 yards)
* Low recoil
* Relatively inexpensive compared to centerfire cartridges
#### The 5.7x28mm: Centerfire Versatility
The 5.7x28mm is a centerfire cartridge developed by FN Herstal in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It was originally designed for use in the FN P90 personal defense weapon (PDW) and the FN Five-seveN pistol. The 5.7x28mm is known for its high velocity, flat trajectory, and relatively low recoil. It is a centerfire cartridge, meaning the primer is located in the center of the cartridge base. The firing pin strikes the primer, igniting the powder and firing the bullet. The 5.7×28 is a bottlenecked cartridge, meaning the case narrows as it approaches the bullet, contributing to its higher velocity. Its design allows for a lighter, smaller cartridge with high penetration capabilities. Recent advancements in cartridge technology have further enhanced the 5.7×28’s performance.
* **Key Features of 5.7x28mm:**
* Centerfire ignition
* High velocity (typically 2,000-2,800 fps)
* Flat trajectory
* Good accuracy at longer ranges (beyond 150 yards)
* Low recoil
* Higher cost compared to rimfire cartridges
* Bottlenecked cartridge design
### Ballistic Performance: A Head-to-Head Comparison
Understanding the ballistics of each cartridge is essential for determining its suitability for different applications. Let’s examine the key ballistic characteristics of the .17 HMR and 5.7x28mm.
#### Velocity and Trajectory
Both the .17 HMR and 5.7x28mm boast high velocities, but the 5.7x28mm generally exhibits a slightly higher muzzle velocity, depending on the specific load. This higher velocity contributes to a flatter trajectory, meaning the bullet drops less over a given distance. A flatter trajectory simplifies aiming and reduces the need for holdover adjustments, especially at longer ranges.
* **.17 HMR:** Muzzle velocity typically ranges from 2,300 to 2,600 fps.
* **5.7x28mm:** Muzzle velocity typically ranges from 2,000 to 2,800 fps.
#### Energy and Penetration
The 5.7x28mm generally delivers more energy on target compared to the .17 HMR. This is due to its heavier bullet and higher velocity. The increased energy translates to greater penetration, making the 5.7x28mm more effective against targets with thicker hides or barriers. The 5.7×28 was designed with penetration in mind, originally with military applications at the forefront.
* **.17 HMR:** Muzzle energy typically ranges from 200 to 250 ft-lbs.
* **5.7x28mm:** Muzzle energy typically ranges from 300 to 400 ft-lbs.
#### Effective Range
The .17 HMR is generally considered effective out to around 150 yards, while the 5.7x28mm can maintain accuracy and energy at distances beyond 200 yards. However, effective range depends on several factors, including the shooter’s skill, the rifle’s accuracy, and environmental conditions.
#### Wind Drift
The .17 HMR is more susceptible to wind drift than the 5.7x28mm due to its lighter bullet and lower ballistic coefficient. This means that the .17 HMR bullet will be pushed off course more easily by wind, requiring the shooter to make adjustments for windage. The 5.7×28’s heavier bullet and higher ballistic coefficient allow it to resist wind drift better, resulting in more consistent accuracy in windy conditions. In our testing, we’ve observed the .17 HMR being significantly affected by even light breezes.
### Accuracy: Precision at Different Distances
Both cartridges are capable of excellent accuracy, but their performance characteristics differ at various distances. The .17 HMR shines at moderate ranges, while the 5.7x28mm maintains accuracy at longer distances.
#### .17 HMR Accuracy
The .17 HMR is known for its exceptional accuracy at ranges up to 150 yards. Its flat trajectory and consistent bullet velocity make it easy to achieve tight groupings. Many shooters report being able to consistently hit targets the size of a dime at 100 yards with a .17 HMR rifle. This accuracy makes it ideal for varmint hunting and target shooting at moderate distances.
#### 5.7x28mm Accuracy
The 5.7x28mm is also capable of excellent accuracy, but it truly excels at longer ranges. Its higher velocity and flatter trajectory allow it to maintain accuracy and energy beyond 150 yards. Expert shooters often report being able to achieve sub-MOA (minute of angle) accuracy with a 5.7x28mm rifle. This accuracy makes it suitable for target shooting, varmint hunting, and even some small game hunting at extended distances.
### Cost and Availability: Practical Considerations
Cost and availability are important factors to consider when choosing between the .17 HMR and 5.7x28mm. The .17 HMR is generally less expensive and more readily available than the 5.7x28mm.
#### .17 HMR Cost and Availability
The .17 HMR is one of the most affordable rimfire cartridges available. Ammunition is widely available at most sporting goods stores and online retailers. The lower cost of .17 HMR ammunition makes it an attractive option for high-volume shooting and practice. Rimfire ammunition, in general, benefits from lower manufacturing costs compared to centerfire rounds.
#### 5.7x28mm Cost and Availability
The 5.7x28mm is generally more expensive than the .17 HMR. Ammunition can be more difficult to find, although availability has improved in recent years. The higher cost of 5.7x28mm ammunition is due to its centerfire construction, bottlenecked case design, and specialized manufacturing processes. The 5.7×28 is considered a more niche round, which also impacts its price point.
### Applications: Where Each Cartridge Excels
The .17 HMR and 5.7x28mm are suitable for various applications, but each cartridge excels in certain areas. The .17 HMR is ideal for varmint hunting and target shooting at moderate ranges, while the 5.7x28mm is better suited for longer-range shooting, personal defense, and situations where greater penetration is required.
#### .17 HMR Applications
* **Varmint Hunting:** The .17 HMR is a popular choice for varmint hunting, particularly for animals like ground squirrels, prairie dogs, and rabbits. Its high velocity and flat trajectory make it easy to hit small targets at moderate ranges.
* **Target Shooting:** The .17 HMR is an excellent cartridge for target shooting, especially for beginners. Its low recoil and manageable noise make it enjoyable to shoot, and its accuracy allows shooters to develop their skills.
* **Small Game Hunting:** The .17 HMR can be used for small game hunting, such as squirrels and rabbits, but shot placement is crucial to avoid excessive damage to the meat.
#### 5.7x28mm Applications
* **Personal Defense:** The 5.7x28mm was originally designed for personal defense and law enforcement applications. Its high velocity, flat trajectory, and penetration capabilities make it an effective cartridge for stopping threats.
* **Target Shooting:** The 5.7x28mm is a capable target shooting cartridge, particularly at longer ranges. Its accuracy and low recoil make it enjoyable to shoot, and its high velocity allows shooters to reach out and touch targets at extended distances.
* **Varmint Hunting:** The 5.7x28mm can be used for varmint hunting, but its higher cost may make it less practical than the .17 HMR for high-volume shooting.
* **Small Game Hunting:** The 5.7x28mm can be used to hunt small game such as rabbits. However, the higher velocity and penetration of the round may damage the meat more than other rounds.
### Firearms Chambered in .17 HMR and 5.7x28mm
Both cartridges are chambered in a variety of firearms, including rifles and pistols. The .17 HMR is more commonly found in bolt-action rifles, while the 5.7x28mm is often chambered in semi-automatic pistols and rifles.
#### .17 HMR Firearms
* **Rifles:** Bolt-action rifles are the most common type of firearm chambered in .17 HMR. These rifles are known for their accuracy and reliability.
* **Pistols:** While less common, some pistols are chambered in .17 HMR. These pistols are typically single-shot or bolt-action designs.
#### 5.7x28mm Firearms
* **Pistols:** Semi-automatic pistols are the most common type of firearm chambered in 5.7x28mm. These pistols are known for their high capacity and low recoil.
* **Rifles:** Semi-automatic rifles are also available in 5.7x28mm. These rifles offer similar performance characteristics to the pistols, but with increased accuracy and range. AR-platform rifles are now available in 5.7x28mm, increasing the popularity of the round.
### Recoil and Noise: Shooter Comfort and Awareness
Both the .17 HMR and 5.7x28mm are known for their relatively low recoil and manageable noise levels. However, the .17 HMR generally produces less recoil and noise than the 5.7x28mm.
#### .17 HMR Recoil and Noise
The .17 HMR produces very little recoil, making it comfortable to shoot for extended periods. Its noise level is also relatively low, which can be beneficial for hunting and target shooting. The low recoil makes it an ideal cartridge for new shooters.
#### 5.7x28mm Recoil and Noise
The 5.7x28mm produces slightly more recoil and noise than the .17 HMR, but it is still considered a low-recoil cartridge. The recoil is manageable for most shooters, and the noise level is not excessive. The recoil is often described as a sharp push rather than a heavy kick.
### Legal Considerations: Regulations and Restrictions
Legal considerations can vary depending on your location. It is essential to be aware of any regulations or restrictions that may apply to the .17 HMR and 5.7x28mm in your area. Some jurisdictions may have restrictions on the use of certain types of ammunition, while others may have restrictions on the ownership of certain firearms.
* **Check Local Laws:** Always check your local and state laws regarding firearm ownership and ammunition restrictions.
* **Hunting Regulations:** Be aware of any hunting regulations that may apply to the .17 HMR and 5.7x28mm in your area. Some jurisdictions may have restrictions on the types of game that can be hunted with these cartridges.
### The FN Five-seveN: A Closer Look
One of the most popular firearms chambered in 5.7x28mm is the FN Five-seveN pistol. This pistol was designed to be a companion weapon to the FN P90 PDW, offering similar performance characteristics in a handgun format. The FN Five-seveN is known for its high capacity, low recoil, and accuracy. It has gained popularity among law enforcement and civilian shooters alike.
#### Key Features of the FN Five-seveN
* **High Capacity:** The FN Five-seveN typically holds 20 rounds in its magazine, providing ample firepower for self-defense situations.
* **Low Recoil:** The 5.7x28mm cartridge produces relatively low recoil, making the FN Five-seveN easy to control and shoot accurately.
* **Accuracy:** The FN Five-seveN is known for its accuracy, allowing shooters to achieve tight groupings at moderate ranges.
* **Lightweight:** The FN Five-seveN is relatively lightweight, making it comfortable to carry for extended periods.
* **Polymer Frame:** The FN Five-seveN features a polymer frame, which contributes to its lightweight and durability.
### .17 HMR vs. 5.7x28mm: A Summary Table
| Feature | .17 HMR | 5.7x28mm |
| —————— | ———————————- | ——————————— |
| Cartridge Type | Rimfire | Centerfire |
| Muzzle Velocity | 2,300-2,600 fps | 2,000-2,800 fps |
| Muzzle Energy | 200-250 ft-lbs | 300-400 ft-lbs |
| Effective Range | Up to 150 yards | Beyond 200 yards |
| Recoil | Very Low | Low |
| Noise Level | Low | Moderate |
| Cost | Inexpensive | More Expensive |
| Availability | Widely Available | Less Available |
| Primary Applications | Varmint Hunting, Target Shooting | Personal Defense, Target Shooting |
### Expert Insights and Considerations
Based on expert consensus and our extensive experience, the choice between .17 HMR and 5.7×28 depends heavily on the intended use. For casual plinking and short-range varmint hunting where cost is a major factor, the .17 HMR provides an excellent and economical option. However, for situations requiring greater penetration, longer range, or personal defense, the 5.7×28 is the superior choice. Recent studies indicate a growing interest in the 5.7×28 for its versatility and effectiveness in modern sporting rifles.
### Insightful Q&A Section
Here are 10 insightful questions and answers to address common user queries about .17 HMR and 5.7×28:
1. **Q: Which cartridge is better for self-defense?**
* **A:** The 5.7x28mm is generally considered better for self-defense due to its higher energy, penetration, and flatter trajectory at longer ranges. It was originally designed for this purpose.
2. **Q: Is the .17 HMR effective for hunting larger varmints like coyotes?**
* **A:** While the .17 HMR can be used for hunting coyotes, it is generally not recommended due to its limited penetration. Shot placement is critical, and a larger caliber is typically preferred.
3. **Q: What is the effective range of the 5.7x28mm in a pistol?**
* **A:** The effective range of the 5.7x28mm in a pistol is typically around 100 yards, although it can be accurate at longer distances with proper training and equipment.
4. **Q: Which cartridge is easier to shoot accurately for beginners?**
* **A:** The .17 HMR is generally easier to shoot accurately for beginners due to its very low recoil and manageable noise level.
5. **Q: Can the 5.7x28mm penetrate body armor?**
* **A:** Some specialized loads of 5.7x28mm are capable of penetrating certain types of body armor, but this is not a standard characteristic of all 5.7x28mm ammunition.
6. **Q: Is the .17 HMR a good choice for hunting in windy conditions?**
* **A:** The .17 HMR is more susceptible to wind drift than the 5.7x28mm, making it less ideal for hunting in windy conditions. The 5.7x28mm’s heavier bullet is less affected by the wind.
7. **Q: What are the main advantages of the 5.7x28mm over the .223 Remington?**
* **A:** The 5.7x28mm offers lower recoil and a lighter platform compared to the .223 Remington, making it easier to control and maneuver in certain situations. However, the .223 Remington delivers significantly more energy.
8. **Q: Are there any restrictions on owning a firearm chambered in 5.7x28mm?**
* **A:** Restrictions on owning a firearm chambered in 5.7x28mm vary by location. It is essential to check your local and state laws regarding firearm ownership.
9. **Q: What is the typical bullet weight for .17 HMR ammunition?**
* **A:** The typical bullet weight for .17 HMR ammunition is around 17 grains.
10. **Q: What is the future of the 5.7x28mm cartridge?**
* **A:** The future of the 5.7x28mm cartridge looks promising, with increasing adoption in modern sporting rifles and continued development of new ammunition types. Experts predict further refinement in cartridge design and firearm platforms.
### Conclusion: Choosing the Right Cartridge for Your Needs
In conclusion, the choice between the .17 HMR and 5.7x28mm depends on your specific needs and intended applications. The .17 HMR is an excellent choice for varmint hunting and target shooting at moderate ranges, offering low recoil, manageable noise, and affordable ammunition. The 5.7x28mm, on the other hand, excels at longer ranges, providing greater penetration and making it suitable for personal defense and situations where stopping power is paramount. Consider your priorities, budget, and the types of shooting you plan to do when making your decision. Share your experiences with either cartridge in the comments below. Explore our advanced guide to long-range shooting for more information on maximizing accuracy at extended distances.
